bending radius of axis

minimum relative bending radius

relative bending radius

small bending radius

Ratio of long radius to short radius

3 point bending experiment

3-point bending test

4-nodes plate bending element

4-point bending

90° bending

Absolute maximum bending moment

accumulative roll bending

Adam’s forward bending test

additional bending deformation

Additional bending moment

additional bending moment on derrick boom

additional pressure from bending

allowable bending stress

allowable bending stress due to thermal compensation